Free generator calculators, built for actual outages

Figure out what size generator you need, what it'll cost to run, how to wire it safely, and whether portable or standby fits your home — no account, no download, no fine print.

The tools

Getting generator sizing right

The short version: most people undersize their generator because they only account for what an appliance draws while running, and ignore what it takes to start it.

Running watts vs. starting watts

Every motor-driven appliance — a refrigerator, a sump pump, a well pump, central air — draws several times more power for a fraction of a second when it switches on than it does while it's running. A refrigerator that runs on 700 watts can briefly pull over 2,000 watts at startup. A generator has to be able to cover that spike, even if only one appliance is starting at a time.

This is why two houses with the same everyday power needs can need very differently sized generators: the one with a well pump and central AC has a much bigger startup spike to cover than the one without.

Why a safety margin matters

Generator output is rated under ideal conditions. Real-world factors — altitude, heat, a generator that's a few years old — all reduce actual output below the nameplate number. Sizing to exactly your calculated load leaves no room for that, or for adding one more appliance later. A 20% margin above your calculated requirement is standard practice and keeps you from running a generator at its absolute limit for hours at a time, which shortens its life.

Essentials-only vs. whole-house

Most households don't actually need to power everything during an outage — they need to power the handful of things that matter: refrigeration, some lighting, a sump or well pump if they have one, and a way to heat the house if it's a gas furnace (which still needs electricity to run its blower and ignition, even though it's not an "electric" appliance in the usual sense). Building your list around what actually matters, rather than the whole panel, is usually what keeps a portable generator a realistic option instead of forcing a standby install.

Before you run a generator

Portable generators produce carbon monoxide, a gas you can't see or smell, and it builds up fast in enclosed or partly enclosed spaces. This is the single most important safety rule for generator use:

Common questions

What size generator do I need for a 2,000 sq ft house?

Square footage alone doesn't determine generator size — what matters is which specific appliances you want to run and their combined running and starting watts. A 2,000 sq ft house with a gas furnace and no well pump might need under 5,000 watts for essentials; the same size house with a well pump and central AC could need 10,000 watts or more. Use the sizing calculator above with your actual appliance list for an accurate number.

Can I run my refrigerator and freezer on the same generator as other appliances?

Yes, as long as the generator's total capacity covers the combined running watts of everything you're powering plus the single largest startup surge among them — not the sum of every appliance's startup surge, since they don't all start at the exact same instant in normal use.

How many watts does a house need during a power outage?

For essentials only — refrigerator, some lighting, phone charging, and a sump or well pump if applicable — most households land somewhere between 3,000 and 6,500 watts. Whole-house coverage including central air conditioning typically pushes that to 10,000–20,000+ watts, which is standby generator territory rather than portable.

Is a 20% safety margin always necessary?

It's a conservative standard, not a hard rule. If your calculated load already sits well below your generator's capacity, or you know you're not adding anything to the list later, you can size closer to the raw number. The margin exists to cover real-world output loss and future flexibility, not because the raw calculation is wrong.